0000002858 00000 n (d) The MARINE POLLUTANT mark is not required -. [10] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Other countries, like Canada, similarly approve of pharmaceutical applications for lindane but no longer permit its broader use agriculturally. Well closed. Water | Free Full-Text | The Toxic Effects of Lindane via the 2-ethyl-hexyl-4-trimethoxycinnamate (Octinoxate, Uvinul MC80) Glyceril octanoate dimethoxylcinnamate. The mark may be displayed in black lettering on a square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard; or. [7] (see also Regulatory History) Repeatedly, the FDA has concluded that lindane medications provide public health benefits at an acceptably low level of riska factor for all medications. This requirement may be met by the marking displayed on a freight container or portable tank loaded on a motor vehicle or rail car. The World Health Organization classifies lindane as "moderately hazardous", and its international trade is restricted and regulated under the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent. In 2009, the production and agricultural use of lindane was banned under the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants. The mark must appear on each side and each end of the transport vehicle or freight container, and must be visible from the direction it faces. The most common reports to the FDA were "drug ineffective," followed by convulsions, dermatitis and dizziness. WebLindane is considered a marine pollutant, and special requirements have been set for marking, labeling, and transporting this material. FDA-approved for the second-line treatment of scabies, pubic lice (crabs) and head lice. Tremor. In 2006, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) called for the voluntary cancellation of all agricultural uses of lindane, limited in recent years to pre-planting seed treatments. Separated from bases and food and feedstuffs. Lindane is the main insecticide produced in China. Sore throat. In the U.S., lindane medications are exclusively manufactured and distributed by Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Further see Ingestion. The MARINE POLLUTANT mark must conform to the following: (1) Except for size, the MARINE POLLUTANT mark must appear as follows: (2) The marking must be in the form of a square-on-point. In the U.S., lindane medications are approved for the treatment of scabies, pubic lice (crabs), and head lice. (e) MARINE POLLUTANT mark. A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed. 104 0 obj <> endobj (b) Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, a bulk packaging that contains a marine pollutant must -, (1) Be marked with the MARINE POLLUTANT mark on at least two opposing sides or two ends other than the bottom if the packaging has a capacity of less than 3,785 L (1,000 gallons). This is the third severe geomagnetic storm (G4) since Solar Cycle 25 began in 2019. Reacts with bases. WebThe MARINE POLLUTANT mark must conform to the following: (1) Except for size, the MARINE POLLUTANT mark must appear as follows: Symbol (fish and tree): Black on 125 0 obj <>stream [5] However, in 2006, the Agency published an addendum to its initial decision and called for the voluntary cancellation of all agricultural uses by registered manufacturers (effective July 2007), citing a significant change in the costs and benefits of agricultural uses due to the recent introduction of seed-treatment alternatives to lindane. [18] (see also Agricultural vs. Healthcare Applications) 0 Wash hands before eating. Studies of the carcinogenic effects of lindane have been inconclusive and often limited by study design; however, no major carcinogenic effects have been noted in human trials to date. xref Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal. [7][16], In all age groups, reported adverse events occurred mainly in patients with contraindications to the use of lindane or in those who appeared to have misapplied or orally ingested medication. 0000006190 00000 n (3) Except for transportation by vessel, on a bulk packaging, freight container or transport vehicle that bears a label or placard specified in subparts E or F of this part. Inhalation risk Vlkov and Hofman demonstrated that soil properties affect the bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants such as lindane, DDT, phenanthrene and Six cases of congenital anomaly were also describedfive for infants "possibly" exposed to lindane in utero and one paternal exposurebut no characteristic pattern of effect was noted. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur along the food chain, for example in fish and seafood. $>. Web4-methylbenzylidene camphor. 0000003713 00000 n (ii) At least 250 mm (9.8 inches) for marks applied to all other bulk packages. (see also Regulatory Status). Lindane is registered for use in 50 countries, with restricted-use status in 33 of these countries. [6] (see also Regulatory Status) The FDA, however, continues to support the use of lindane prescription medications, noting that The risk of occupational/environmental exposure should be assessed separately and independent of the risk related to the therapeutic use of a medication to treat a medical condition where there is direct benefit to the patient. Risk of fire and explosion if formulations contain flammable/explosive solvents. This article is based in part on the public domain US government document at FDA.gov. Web( d) The MARINE POLLUTANT mark is not required ( 1) On single packagings or combination packagings where each single package or each inner packaging of combination packagings has: ( i) A net quantity of 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less for liquids; or ( ii) A net Interpretation Response | PHMSA Cyanobacteria are able to tolerate, and even metabolize, moderate doses of organochlorine pesticides, such as lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane), one of the most persistent and widely used in recent decades. Ethyl-4-aminobenzoate. Lindane (Persistant Organic Pollutant) in the EU, Best Practices of De-Contamination Exchanged. [3] It is presently banned in more than 50 countries, and is being considered for inclusion in the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants, which would ban its production and use worldwide. WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER. [1] Adverse hematologic effects have also been reported with chronic occupational exposures and excessive dermal applications; however, a direct cause and effect has not been established. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. To use all the functions on Chemie.DE please activate JavaScript. They are second line treatments, meaning they are prescribed only when first-line therapies have failed, cannot be tolerated or are otherwise contraindicated. Marine pollutants Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. It has an oral LD50 of 88 mg/kg in rats and a dermal LD50 of 1000 mg/kg. For these purposes, 105 fish were exposed to different concentrations of Lindane for 96 h in 5 groups with 3 replications. WebLindane is an organochlorine pesticide belonging to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that has been widely used to treat agricultural pests. Lindane in soil can leach to surface and even ground water and can bioaccumulate in the food chain. LINDANE A REVIEW OF TOXICITY AND Cough. Convulsions. [15] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Lindane has not been shown to alter immunocompetence in humans and is not considered to be genotoxic. WebThe concentration addition model was applied to determine whether toxicity of two compounds, phenanthrene (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) and lindane Over time, lindane is broken down in soil, sediment and water into less harmful substances by algae, fungi and bacteria; however, the process is relatively slow and dependent on ambient environmental conditions. [20] The majority of studies of the general population have also shown no association between serum or breast tissue levels of lindane and breast cancer. Where two or more components that make a material a marine pollutant are present, the names of at least two of the components most predominantly contributing to the marine pollutant designation must appear in parentheses in association with the marked proper shipping name. Remove contaminated clothes. The mark must be visible from the direction it faces. In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. PIC WebLindane is considered to be highly toxic to aquatic organisms, and moderately toxic to birds and mammals. The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion. Severe 0000001686 00000 n Find out more about the company LUMITOS and our team. Column 1 is labeled S.M.P. for Severe Marine Pollutants and Column 2 is During this time, the vast majority of lindane usemore than 99%has been for agricultural purposes and much of the safety and environmental concerns have related to this application. [16] Only rarely have seizures and even more rarely fatal reactions been reported when lindane medications were used (presumably) according to directions.[7][11][12]. This mark may be displayed in black lettering on a white square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard. [32][33] In the U.S., petitions to ban the use of pharmaceutical lindane have been rejected by the FDA and determined to be without merit by experts working with this regulatory agency. %PDF-1.6 % Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. [1] Your browser does not support JavaScript. WebLindane, a lipophilic pollutant, may be toxic to organisms. First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention. Air pollution on the Front Range has gotten worse, EPA "[14], The most common side effects associated with topical use of lindane medications are nonserious reactions of the skin, including burning, itching, dryness and rash. [1] In 2003, the EPA reported on the results of large-scale water contaminant testing of 16,000 water systems serving 100 million people across the U.S. and found that none contained lindane levels above the maximum contaminant level standard considered safe. Lindane has adverse effects on Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. [28] More specifically, the EPA conducted down-the-drain estimates of the amount of lindane reaching public water supplies from the use of lindane medications using data from California water treatment facilities, concluding that lindane levels from pharmaceutical sources were extremely low and not of concern.[5]. That's what the Environmental Protection Agency said after downgrading ozone standards in the Transportation 49.172.101List of Marine Pollutants. [7] These infectious diseases, two of which are sexually transmitted, affect tens of millions of Americans and hundreds of millions of people worldwide every year. [citation needed], The US EPA has determined that lindane does not contaminant drinking water in excess of the Agency's level of concern. The direct causes of death for the other cases were attributed to reasons other than lindane. Rest. With an accout for my.chemeurope.com you can always see everything at a glance and you can configure your own website and individual newsletter. The Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants considers the use of lindane in agriculture as largely redundant, with other, less toxic and less persistent pesticides. Marine Drugs | Free Full-Text | Lindane Bioremediation Capability Marine pollution Refer immediately for medical attention. Camphor benzalkonium methosulfate. Lindane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABAA receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site. 0000006477 00000 n Carefully collect remainder. (a) For vessel transportation of each non-bulk packaging that contains a marine pollutant -, (1) For a proper shipping name used to describe a hazardous material that is a marine pollutant and assigned the letter G in column (1) of the 172.101 hazardous materials table or that contains the text n.o.s., the name of the component which makes the material a marine pollutant must be marked on the package in parentheses in association with the marked proper shipping name unless the proper shipping name identifies by name the component which makes the material a marine pollutant. [16] The vast majority (85%) of these reports488 totalwere classified as nonserious, while serious events most often resulted from product misuse (80% of serious cases). The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment. Refer for medical attention. The symbol and border must be black on a white or suitable contrasting background. Lindane (Persistant Organic Pollutant) in the EU, Best Practices WebLindane is released into the environment during and after agricultural application through volatilization into the atmosphere (estimated at 12-30%), where it has long-range transport potential and can be deposited by rainfall. [25] In 2002, the EPA concluded that lindane agricultural products were eligible for re-registration given industry compliance with certain data and labeling requirements to mitigate occupational risks to workers. Gyceril PABA. (ii) 5 kg (11 pounds) or less net capacity for solids. Lindane Lindane in soil can leach to surface and even ground water and can bioaccumulate in the food chain. Decomposes on heating and on burning. <<77808EBE95D8C749B7A9AFF580CD8412>]>> 0000003484 00000 n Severe Marine Pollutants - ReadyGo WebSurface waters near industrialized and agricultural areas are contaminated with hundreds of different pollutants from a variety of sources.
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