While researching I learned a lot about space exploration through multiple lenses. These range from the work of serious scientists (e.g., METI International) to private initiatives (e.g., the Interstellar Beacon Project). Learn the science: Humanists must better understand the science of the issues they discuss to ensure that their contributions are rooted in their best understanding. Then I explain the exclusion of their voices and why its problematic. Journal of the British Interplanetary Society 69(8). Preliminary Assessment: Unidentified Aerial Phenomena. This approach may be fine for now, but its implicit social and ethical commitments require careful attention as more invasive missions are pursued. The space race was then followed by an era of space cooperation, highlighted by the International Space Station. Paying attention and mobilizing certain imagined futures and not others often helps justify new investments in space science and technology. to their respective societies and see how they Contributions from the "social sciences" have been very rare during the early period of physical space exploration. Living on Mars: Aerospace Crew Accelerates Human Space Exploration Knowledge, USSF-67 and GPS III-6: Record-Breaking Back-to-Back Successful National Security Space Launches, Expanding Integration Across Government and Commercial Space for Speed and Resiliency, USSF-44: Space Force Successfully Completes First Mission on Falcon Heavy Rocket, Aerospace Ups R&D in Huntsville, Anticipated Growth of 20 Percent, Aerospace Awarded Potential $621M Engineering Services Contract by NASA, Aerospace Grows in Albuquerque by 25 Percent, Mission Success of Falcon 9 GPS III-2 Launch, 2310 E. El Segundo Blvd., El Segundo, CA 90245. Scientific paternalism and METI. Smith KC. Cockell C. 2014. HASS disciplines are relevant for examining how space futures get told, traded, transformed, and traversed. ProfessorJuan Francisco Salazar, from Western Sydney Universitys School of Humanities & Communication Arts is currently researching how different people relate to space and the future democracy of space. Fortunately, lack of inclusion is a fixable problem if both scientists and humanists make a concerted effort. And both are committed to the idea of rational convergence, believing that when diverse experts share and debate their perspectives, they move closer to those truths. The treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, established on 19th December 1966, details laws that set principles protecting the free use of space. NASA. It is partly set in April 2043. How to teach the water cycle to 4th graders. International Journal of Astrobiology 20(3):121. After each of the disasters, space shuttle flight operations were suspended for more than two years. To address this problem, I begin with an overview of how humanists think and how their approach can be helpful to the sciences in addressing complex social and conceptual questions. Ruiz-Mirazo K, Peret J, Moreno A. However, it has also tested the limits of our creativity and ability to solve abstract social problems. Technological and scientific progress as the future unfolds depends on convergences among fields and disciplines, especially those that have rarely cooperated in the past. Astrosociology (Social Science of Space Exploration) We often comprehend it with conceptual frameworks with which we are more comfortable. At the very least, there is no reason to put off developing commonsense safeguards, such as requiring registration of all METI attempts in a public database (nothing like this exists, though see Quast 2018) and imposing minimal restrictions on content and targeting (Gertz 2016). I want to know how the technologies we use for space impact our Scientific research in space can be divided into five general areas: (1) solar and space physics, including study of the magnetic and electromagnetic fields in space and the various energetic particles also present, with particular attention to their interactions with Earth, (2) exploration of the planets, moons, asteroids, comets, meteoroids, and dust in the solar system, (3) study of the origin, evolution, and current state of the varied objects in the universe beyond the solar system, (4) research on nonliving and living materials, including humans, in the very low gravity levels of the space environment, and (5) study of Earth from space. remotely sensed data, have enhanced our understanding of water cycles. But space science remains dominated by scientists and engineers. Gertz J. Since the scientists involved in METI are not trained in ethical analysis, public policy, law, or even basic principles of social science such as informed consent, experts in these (and other) areas are clearly needed. only from a scientific and historical standpoint NASA and its partners have sent orbiters, landers, and rovers, increasing our knowledge about the planet. If you were researching the Endeavour and Mae Jemison through the social science lens, you would think about how this topic relates to or has impacted culture, society and humanity. 2016. NASA. what are some of the ways that the four lenses of the liberal arts: social science and history lenses. A universal definition of life: Autonomy and open-ended evolution. But there are two critical points to keep in mind here. This topic space exploration is being viewed by natural science lens because scientists and astronauts are dealing with matter and types of high efficiency energy to avoid any kind of pollution to this natural world. By the end of the decade, the Voyager spacecraft had sent back detailed images of Jupiter and Saturn, their rings, and their moons. Humanists can help identify the many complex trade-offs and their impacts ahead of time. The Lenses Identified. And, since humanists study people, they are well positioned to address potential social impacts of scientific developments in ways that better relate to the public. Scientists typically are not trained in ethical analysis, public policy, law, or basic principles of social science such as informed consent. Readers would do well to reflect on the many missed opportunities to include a humanist voice. Conclusion. This poses a real challenge, as the scientifically illiterate public often embraces unrealistic concerns and unscientific beliefs. Social science views space exploration as a key to our human existence , and how it could affect our society if there is life out there in space. 2020. For example, though anyone can think about ethics, and ethicists have no corner on ethical truth, most scientists know little about ethics as a field of study. Washington: Free Press. Is there another planet that is earth like? I would like to know our plan for terraforming and colonizing Mars. This program was responsible for the U.S. Wind (1994) and Polar (1996) spacecraft, the European Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO; 1995) and Cluster (2000) missions, and the Japanese Geotail satellite (1992). Cleaning up space: The development Stout feels a beautiful painting would help the public comprehend the research, making scientific data more palatable, educating the public but additionally increasing interest and support for future scientific endeavours. How close The station is serviced by a variety of visiting spacecraft: the Russian Soyuz and Progress; the American Dragon and Cygnus; the Japanese H-II Transfer Vehicle; and formerly the Space Shuttle and the European Automated Transfer Vehicle. For many who have watched the film around the world, the film is an experimental meditation on the future of the Antarctic as a new extreme frontier for human habitation. If you were researching Mae Jemison and the Endeavour through the social science lens, you would think about how this topic relates to or has impacted culture, society and humanity. The humanities and the social sciences in particular can shape the way we think about our relationship with space. It focuses primarily on the space shuttle era (1980s and 1990s) and is divided into four parts. Traphagan JW. Futures 108:414. You can see that the humanities cover a wide range of subjects and disciplines . Consider this interaction between faculty in a humanities college and a vice president for research with a background in engineering. I have begun reflecting on what some anthropologists have called emerging extraterrestrial modes of thinking about Earth. As in Earth-based research and development, responsible planning for missions to other worlds (especially crewed missions) must take account of social/environmental/ethical issues. An investigation determined the catastrophe was caused by a piece of foam insulation that broke off the shuttles propellant tank and damaged the edge of the shuttles left wing. Academies' Space Studies Board to conduct a thorough review of the science that NASA is proposing to undertake under the space exploration initiative and to develop a strategy by which all of NASA's science disciplines, including Earth science, space science, and life and microgravity science, as well as the Most U.S. military and scientific satellites are launched into orbit by a family of expendable launch vehicles designed for a variety of missions. Natural science views space exploration as something that needs to be explored more and needs to have better technology to explore other planets and travel deeper into space. Consider a recent significant breakthrough in space exploration. Oxford: Oxford University Press. The Meaning of Liberty Beyond Earth. more efficient advancements to explore space Artistic interpretations can shed light on data to provide perspectives that may otherwise have been missed. javascript is enabled. I am curious about the history of space exploration. A "lens" is a way to frame or think about the world around us. 2012). I used speculative fiction as a narrative device combined with my ethnographic research to depict the lives and visions of human communities living transiently in the Antarctic Peninsula between 2011 and 2014. But establishing interdisciplinary connections requires effort, since humanists are often something of a mystery to scientists who lack easy opportunities to interact with themhumanists are creatures of academia and, even there, they inhabit different departments and colleges. She has published extensively on humanistic issues including interstellar message composition, the evolution of intelligence and interspecies communication, potential public reactions to future detection of extraterrestrial life or intelligence, and the ethics of space exploration. During the 1970s, efforts to teach and research the social science and humanities aspects of the space program were reintensified. Finally, scholars who are not directly involved in the pragmatic details of an issue can be more objective and thus better positioned to identify and critique the systematic biases that every discipline engenders. Their consideration requires the involvement of those with relevant expertise. Types of Evidence How do professionals from each lens gather information? Science in space In the decades following the first Sputnik and Explorer satellites, the ability to put their instruments into outer space gave scientists the opportunity to acquire new information about the natural universe, information that in many cases would have been unobtainable any other way. Social science lens focuses on how space exploration has impacted socitey and how some of the inventions have improved the quality of life. Washington: National Academies Press. Astrosociology is an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary field that promotes and represents convergence of the physical/natural sciences and the social/behavioral sciences on all matters pertaining to humanity's interests and activities in space and the consequences of these activities for people on Earth. PDF IDS The Four General Education Lenses - Southern New Hampshire University A core aspect of this project is to study how imaginaries and expectations emerge from the interplay of science, technology, and innovation with regards to outer space. Going back to the moon Speeches of To learn more about the roles these disciplines can play, we spoke to Juan Francisco Salazar, a professor at Western Sydney Universitys School of Humanities & Communication Arts. Astrobiology and Society in Europe Today. 2006. Humanists thus often see their primary job, especially in interdisciplinary contexts, as arguing for the inclusion of diverse perspectives, especially unpopular ones. How many Earth-like planets have we discovered? Smith KC, Abney K. 2019. Looking to space is our solution. NASA and the Library of Congress have established the Blumberg Chair at the library to support researchers investigating the range and complexity of societal issues related to how life begins and evolves and to examine philosophical, religious, literary, ethical, legal, cultural, and other concerns.[4]. In the 1980s, satellite communications expanded to carry television programs, and people were able to pick up the satellite signals on their home dish antennas. Modern space exploration is reaching areas once only dreamed about. Presentation on Space Exploration through the Social Science and History Lenses - Space Exploration - Studocu In this assignment, we had to put together all the research we had done and choose two topics to discuss our chosen topic through. Subscribe In this discussion, you will think about space. Machery E. 2012. These were followed by the Solar Maximum Mission satellite (launched 1980). Space systems continue to become more and more integral to homeland defense, weather surveillance, communication, navigation, imaging, and remote sensing for chemicals, fires, and other disasters. What role do the humanities and social sciences have in space? Dale, S. (2007). Springer. This should change. As part of my research in Antarctica, I made an experimental documentary film titledNightfall on Gaia(93 min, 2015), which screened internationally at various important film festivals.
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