Also it shows inaccuracies in the experiment as it shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. For the lowest three points air resistance is approximately equal to zero due to the ball having a low velocity, as it was dropped from a low height, and therefore hits less air particles per second than a ball traveling at a faster speed. Vacuum pump, rigid plastic cylinder, two large rubber bungs to fit over the two ends of the plastic cylinder, table tennis ball, Two meter stick rulers. Bouncing Ball Read books, magazines or ask professionals who might know in order to find out the factors that affect the movements of a dropped ball. It goes back to its initial vertical position after a period of time. When the ball travels in the negative direction (downwards), the velocity can be assumed to be negative. The longer it takes to stop, the higher it bounces to. A thrown or batted ball may travel faster than the terminal speed, but it will experience a large drag force from the air which is greater than its weight. The formula for kinetic energy is KE=1/2 mv 2 , where m is the mass in kg and v is the velocity in m/sec 2 . The energy chain is as follows: Therefore as energy cannot be created or destroyed the energy the ball starts with must be directly proportional to the energy the ball finishes with, at the top of its bounce, and so if the ball starts with more energy it must therefore finish with more. The material ball is made from will affect the ball as if it is smooth then the drag will be significantly less than if it is rough. Now is the time to pull together what happened, and assess the experiments you did. ThatQuiz If you have any questions or need more support about this project, click on the Ask Question button on the top of this page to send me a message. Everything you need for your studies in one place. This is in accordance with Newton's second law. Changes in the area of linoleum floor tile that the ball collided with may have affected the height to which it bounced to thus producing variation between results. Several smooth hard flat horizontal surfaces suitable for bouncing ballsfloors, lab tables, sidewalks, and the like. Materials: -Carbon Paper -Goggles -Golf Balls So if we double the air pressure, we will get double bounce height. Your assistant will record the bounce. If the ball is elastic in nature, the ball will quickly return to its original form and spring up from the floor. The ball is not performing a simple harmonic motion, as the acceleration is not proportional to the displacement from an equilibrium position. In this experiment you will drop a ball on a hard surface such as table and record the sounds it makes when it bounces using a computer and any sound recorder program. This produces a different amount of response in the system. Find sections related to potential energy, elasticity and springs. Is the measurement method questionable or unreliable? The motion of the ball can be described using velocity, displacement, and acceleration At the point of maximum height, the ball momentarily has zero velocity, and the direction of velocity is changing from positive to negative. Hypothesis: Based on your gathered information, make an educated This also proves the accuracy of the experiment. What does the motion of a bouncing ball look like? Purpose A controlled variable is one which the researcher holds constant (controls) during an experiment. Then when dropping the ball again eye level was kept level with the blue tack. External factors, i.e. If you get more than one value, calculate and record the average. This is repeated three times at 5 different heights. In this project we will try to find out what factors affect the bounce of a dropped ball. It is used to determine what the variable changed. Variables - The Tennis ball experiment Make a step-by-step list of what you will do to answer each question. Being precise as the we drop the ball from a very big height the ball will bounce back at a very big height by Newton's The ball weighs exactly 2.5g. As there is more GPE more energy is converted into KE (The ball is going faster, KE=1/2mv. Yes, as the ball receives a force from the ground due to collision, which causes the ball to bounce off the ground. WebDrop the ball from the line between cinder blocks/bricks to make the measurements more accurate. You are now ready to enter your data on a spread sheet and get to work. Identifying variables is necessary before you can make a hypothesis. Stop procrastinating with our smart planner features. Therefore the ball goes higher. When raw data gets processed mathematically, for example, it becomes results. It was difficult to accurately measure the height of the bounce. The last term can be the lowest height of the ball before it comes to an end as seen below. This will be repeated five times, possibly more (for accuracy), for each height and the top and bottom results will be discounted. So if we double the release height, we will get double bounce height. are from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. Calculating the coefficient to restitution of ball hitting the floor: The coefficient to restitution can be found out from a graph of h1against h2. This list is called an experimental procedure. WebControl variables, also known as controlled variables, are properties that researchers hold constant for all observations in an experiment. will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. Also the difference between the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 1ms, and the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 2ms, is far smaller than the difference between the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 20ms, and the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 21ms, , the faster the velocity that the ball reaches. For example this is a sample explanation. Material that you may test are: Carpet, Rubber matte, ply wood, sponge, Styrofoam, another ball, . For a perfectly elastic bounce (the ultimate super ball), e =1; and for an inelastic bounce (like clay dropping on the floor), e =0. Potential energy is the energy of position, and it depends on the mass of the ball and its height above the surface. In this experiment you will measure the bounce of a dropped ball for different release heights. Constants: the same person takes all of the measurements, the same materials are used in every trial. Grades: Preschool and K-2 Length of Lesson: Approximately 45 minutes Related Video: The Hawk Factor episode Learning Goals: A series of experiments that includes a control is called a controlled experiment.. Either the coefficient to restitution that was worked out is incorrect, which would mean that the first three results are inaccurate or subsequent results were inaccurate. Because of these forces, both the ball and floor deform inward. Projectile motion is the motion of objects that are moving near the surface of the earth in a curved path due to the effect of gravity. The higher h1, the faster the velocity that the ball reaches. This phenomenon is described by Newton's third law. Charged Particle in Uniform Electric Field, Electric Field Between Two Parallel Plates, Magnetic Field of a Current-Carrying Wire, Mechanical Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion, Galileo's Leaning Tower of Pisa Experiment, Electromagnetic Radiation and Quantum Phenomena, Centripetal Acceleration and Centripetal Force, Total Internal Reflection in Optical Fibre. Draw a graph of bounce height Vs drop height. This is because the experiment is a very short and simple one to carry out and if conducted efficiently can be completed easily within the time span allowed for collecting evidence. KE = 1/2mv where m = mass and v = velocity, 1/2mv = mhg - thermal energy (lost as a result of drag). Belowis the graph of h1against h2. Its height gradually decreases until it eventually stops moving. tennis and baseball) includes the CoR test. The area of the triangle can be found using the formula below. However when the ball is dropped from a relatively low height, drag 0. Find the infinite distance of travel. To do that use the scroll button to start, then use arrow keys to move your wave 0.1 second left or right. Materials:-Carbon Paper-Goggles-Golf It pushes downward on the floor and the floor pushes upward on it. Hence when a force is applied to a surface, it also applies a force equal in magnitude, but in the opposite direction. Why? The last stage is the point at which the ball has reached its maximum displacement, decelerates, and changes the direction of motion from upwards to downwards. 1. This did not happen in my experiment however. GPE=Mass (kg) Gravitational Field Strength (N/Kg) Height (m). A series of experiments is made up of separate experimental runs. During each run you make a measurement of how much the variable affected the system under study. We also noted after we finished the experiment that the student taking measurements sometimes stood above the height when taking the measurement and sometimes kneeled on the floor so they had a different angle on the meter stick, which may have affected the measurement. As elasticity and hardness decreases, part of the ball energy will be used to permanently dent or misplace or vibrate the surface, so ball will have less energy to bounce. This would allow the actual coefficient to restitution to be calculated. StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. If a ball reaches terminal velocity at 20cm from the floor when dropped from 2m, it will reach terminal velocity at 10cm from the floor when dropped from 1.9m. A ball falls from 8 metres and rebounds to 52 percent of its previous height. stay constant, results in an increase in m g h, stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h, The surface onto which the ball is dropped will affect the height to which the ball bounces because for any two objects that collide, the properties of both determine the percentage of the kinetic energy either possesses approaching the collision that is conserved subsequent to the collision taking place (Coefficient to restitution) discounting the effects of air resistance. If you follow the motion of either ball, youll realize that theres a moment halfway through its bounce when the ball is perfectly motionless in contact with the floor. For the lower heights the flight time of the ball was extremely short and again it was difficult to move ones head over the distance from h. Do a larger amount of results; 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm etc. This experiment might have been improved if we had developed a method for more accurately measuring the tennis balls bounce height. The ball showed signs of reaching terminal velocity because the drag force began to approach the force gravity exerts upon the mass of the ball. changing air density, temperature The surface onto which the ball Many questions are related. This is why it. What principle describes the bouncing motion of a ball? Measure the height the ball reaches after the first bounce and record. You may need to calculate the average of bounce height. You may now be able to understand or verify things that you discovered when gathering information for the project. ball bounced 6 inches. Design an experiment to test each hypothesis. The reason for our error was that we thought that the tennis ball might be specially made to bounce to the same height. As the ball flattening upon impact with the floor is not visible as it happens so quickly it would be almost impossible to measure the size of the ball on impact with the floor. Create the most beautiful study materials using our templates. Your challenge will be to find a way to determine your balls e, and the initial height of the ball when you first dropped it. The more energy that the ball possessed before being dropped, the more energy was converted into KE while the ball fell. Hypothesis. Dropping a ball from different heights Dropping a ball from different heights could affect The coefficient of restitution is the ratio of the final to initial speed between two bodies after the collision. These balls do not bounce as well as balls with high air pressure. The process of obtaining information by using the senses is called a/an. If you have any questions or need more support about this project, click on the , If you are new in doing science project, click on . Also the facts that there were no anomalies and that all of the points were very close to the line of best fit show that the experiment was relatively accurate. This will hopefully discount any anomalies automatically and leave us with three accurate and reliable results. Variables are the factors that are changed, measured or controlled. Also the mass of the ball affects the chances of the ball reaching its terminal velocity. Controlled Variable Do you think e is constant for your ball? Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. The Graph on page 23 shows that all of the results were very close together. It is a separate experiment, done exactly like the others. This would eliminate parallax error further. Ramp and ball, controlled study lab report Often, mathematical equations can be made from graphs. In a real-life scenario, the ball will eventually stop moving due to external forces such as air friction. It therefore hits more air particles each second and so the force of drag is bigger the faster the ball goes. Upload unlimited documents and save them online. Independent Variable: The height from which the ball is dropped. This would allow one to find the terminal velocity of the ball. of the users don't pass the Bouncing Ball Example quiz! Kinetic energy is energy of motion. Discussing the variables involved in this experiment. The variable to be changed in the experiment is the drop height, therefore the drop height will be the independent variable investigated. The effect of changing the drop height will be measured by calculating the bounce efficiency of the tennis ball. CoR = coefficient of restitution = (speed after collision)/(speed before collision). Bouncing balls AT (Year 8 Also the ball flattening upon impact doesnt have to be taken into account whereas if one was measuring from the top of the ball as it hits the floor to the top of the ball before dropping it or at the top of its arc after bouncing or the middle of the ball as it hits the ground to the middle of the ball before dropping it or the middle of the ball at the top of its bounce then the fact that the ball flattens momentarily on impact with the floor would have to be taken into account.
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